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Oxidation and reduction are two important transformations in organic chemistry. Although several oxidation and reduction reactions are studied in practical organic chemistry, Birch reduction as an experiment, is generally avoided. It is rather taught in theory sessions only. There are certain practical difficulties and hazards associated with these experiments. Benkeser reduction, however, is a safer...
In 1909, Lewis and Tolman, then physical chemists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, wrote a paper which built on an earlier paper by Lewis. This gave a more mechanics-based approach to the subject, in contrast to Einstein’s original work which drew on electrodynamics. This work played a significant role in the early development of special relativity theory, then only four years old and...
Metrizability of Furstenberg topology on integers gives some strange consequences. Besides a primality test for an integer to be a prime, it shows that primes are not dense in integers. It illustrates the construction of a series of positive numbers having a negative sum. Furthermore, it re-establishes the fact that the probability of a randomly chosen integer being prime is zero.
1. In line 4 of the Editorial, the word ‘meditated’ has been misspelt as ‘mediated’. 2. The third paragraph of the Editorial has been repeated due to an appending of the same paragraph.The journal office apologizes for these errors.
Planck constant is a fundamental concept in physical sciences, and Millikan received the Noble Prize for determining it experimentally in 1923. As the technology of solid state electronic devices developed, an experiment was designed and adapted to determine the Planck’s constant using LED [1, 2]. Herrmann and Schätzle [3] questioned the validity of this experiment on the basis of the diode equation,...
This article describes simple experiments that show that honey bees estimate the distance they have flown, by means of ‘optic flow’, i.e., the extent of image motion experienced by their eyes. The estimated distance is then communicated to the bees at home through the tempo of their dance (number of dance circuits in 15 s) or the duration of the waggle phase in each circuit. The experiments also provide...
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